FGSC #7167

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Reporting Genes: at cyh-2 al-3

Species: crassa

Allele: M111 KH53 RP100

Alternate Strain Number: 5295

Depositor: DDP

Linkage Group: VC VR VR

Mating Type: a

Species Number: 10

Deposit Sheet ↗

Genes

Locus	Cultural Requirements	Link Group	Type
al-3	VR. Between his-1 and inl (1%) (1119, PB). Carotenoids deficient (398). Reported to lack geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase activity and is blocked in soluble fraction, consistent with lesion between isopentenyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (445), but can still produce farnesyl pyrophosphate (445) and steroids (398). (See Fig. 9.) This evidence contradicts in vivo labeling results that indicate a lesion between prephytoene pyrophosphate and phytoene (572). Strains carrying allele Y234M470 (al-3ros), formerly called rosy (49), become partially pigmented but are readily distinguished from the wild type. ylo-1 can be scored in combination with al-3ros (Y234M470) (PB). Strains carrying other alleles (e.g., RP100) (1119) are white with a trace of pink pigment. Biosynthetic pathway for carotenoids. It is thought that the same prenyl transferase catalyzes all the steps from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate to geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (444; R.W. Harding, personal communication), and it has been proposed that a separate prenyl transferase converts dimethylallyl pyrophosphate to farnesyl pyrophosphate for sterol synthesis (445). The conversion of phytoene to the various carotenoid pigments involves a series of dehydrogenations, cyclizations, and other reactions. There must also be a cis/trans isomerization analogous to that found in tomato (842). The sequence of some of these steps is still uncertain; the pathway must branch, and there may be alternate routes to some of the products. See references 228, 443, 444, 842 and citations therein for proposed sequences. al-1 is probably blocked in phytoene dehydrogenase (398). It is not known whether this enzyme catalyzes the whole series of dehydrogenations. al-2 is reported blocked between geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and phytoene (445) and between prephytoene pyrophosphate and phytoene (572). al-3 is alternately reported blocked between isopentenyl pyrophosphate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (445) and between prephytoene pyrophosphate and phytoene (572), but it is not blocked in the production of farnesyl pyrophosphate or sterols (398, 445). ylo-1 is evidently blocked in a late step, probably either in the conversion of lycopene to 3,4-dehydrolycopene or in the conversion of either torulene or gamma-carotene to neurosporaxanthin (see citations in reference 398).	VR	B
at	Grows on minimal media. Conidia form in clumps, especially at the top of a slant.	V	B
cyh-2	VR. Right of lys-2 (<1%). Left of leu-5 (<1 to 2%) and sp(2 to 9%) (496, 818, PB). Resistant to cycloheximide (496, 748). Protein synthesis on mutant ribosomes proceeds in the presence of cycloheximide in a cell-free system (834). Excellent marker. Readily scored on slants with 10 µg of cycloheximide per ml autoclaved in the medium or with 1 µg added after autoclaving. Resistance in heterokaryons has been reported to be dominant (496, 626) or recessive (939); it may depend on nuclear ratios or media. Used in mutagenicity test systems (626). Used to show that the cycloheximide-induced phase shift of the circadian clock involves protein synthesis (738). Double mutant cyh-1;cyh-2grows slowly and is much more insensitive to cycloheximide than either single mutant (496).	VR	B