FGSC #5213

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Reporting Genes: sn cr-1;lys-1 cyh-2;chol-2 ylo-1 trp-2

Species: crassa

Allele: C136 B123 33933 KH53(r) 47904(t) Y30539y 75001

Alternate Strain Number: M2015

Depositor: EK

Linkage Group: I IR;V VR;VIL VIL VIR

Mating Type: a

Species Number: 10

Deposit Sheet ↗

Genes

Locus	Cultural Requirements	Link Group	Type
cr-1	IR. Right of ace-7 (1 to 3%) and nic-2 (4 to 7%). Left of cys-9 (3%) and un-1(5%) (721, 816). Included in duplications from T(4540), which do not include cr-2 or cr-3(PB). (610) Rapid conidiation close to surface of agar. Produces very short conidiophores, bearing conidia in tight clusters (610, 611). Photographs (533, 634). Recessive. Deficient in adenylate cyclase (1066); has little or no endogenous adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (1065, 779). Abnormal morphology partially corrected by exogenous adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (891, 892, 1065, 1066). Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate also stimulates mycelial elongation (892). Cyclic nucteotide levels differ in mycelia and conidia (891, 892). NAD(P) glycohydrolase is overproduced and excreted; this is normalized by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (533). Induction and localization of p-glucosidase is altered; induction is normalized by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (906). Inability to use glycerol and certain other carbon sources is also overcome by adenosine 3',5'phosphate (598, 1067). Phosphodiesterase inhibitors do not counteract the morphological effect of cr-1 (892). Increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (92). Used to determine what functions are controlled by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (779). Used to study adenosine 3',5'-phosphate binding protein (1082). Strains carrying the various alleles vary in growth habit (B123 strains are flat, restricted; allele L strains are spreading, but morphology may vary on different media). Modifier mutations which alter morphology and the ability of cr-1 to use glycerol occur frequently (383, 905). Crosses homozygous for allele B123 exude intact linear asci (634). Double mutants sn cr and cr rg form small conidiating colonies suitable for replica plating with velvet (182, 634, 796, 932, 1020). The triple mutant sn cr;csp-2 can be overlayered (744; photograph 747). The single mutant (B123) can be replicated by using a needle replicator (634). Scorability and viability are good. Excellent as a marker. Carotenoids formed normally. cr-1 ascospores may require longer to mature than cr+ ascospores. Allele CE4-11-67 called con(716, 717).	IR	B
cyh-2	VR. Right of lys-2 (<1%). Left of leu-5 (<1 to 2%) and sp(2 to 9%) (496, 818, PB). Resistant to cycloheximide (496, 748). Protein synthesis on mutant ribosomes proceeds in the presence of cycloheximide in a cell-free system (834). Excellent marker. Readily scored on slants with 10 µg of cycloheximide per ml autoclaved in the medium or with 1 µg added after autoclaving. Resistance in heterokaryons has been reported to be dominant (496, 626) or recessive (939); it may depend on nuclear ratios or media. Used in mutagenicity test systems (626). Used to show that the cycloheximide-induced phase shift of the circadian clock involves protein synthesis (738). Double mutant cyh-1;cyh-2grows slowly and is much more insensitive to cycloheximide than either single mutant (496).	VR	B
lys-1	V. Right of caf-1 (4 to 14%). Left of cyt-9 (5%) and at (1 to 20%) (817; K.S. Hsu, personal communication; PB). (403)Uses lysine, alpha-aminoadipic acid, or epsilon-hydroxynorleucine (alpha-amino-epsilon-hydroxycaproic acid) (399, 400, 684, 1087). Accumulates homocitrate on limiting lysine concentrations (464) (Fig. 16). Fine structure and complementation between alleles (8). Initial allele: 33933.	V	B
sn	I. Right of T(39311) and arg-3 (1 to 6%). Left of T(AR173) and his-2 (<1 to 12%) (174, 808). (687) Spreading colonial growth with good conidiation. Linear growth is less than 1/10 that of the wild type (19). Detectable immediately after ascospore germination by hyphal patterns which suggested the name (688). Abnormal microfilaments (19). Contains actin-like protein (20). Said not to exhibit cytoplasmic streaming (18). Meiosis and ascospore formation are normal in homozygous sn x sn crosses (N.B. Raju, personal communication). Good female fertility. Morphology similar to that of sp, cum, and cot-4mutants (at 25 C) (PB). Used to study development of crystalline inclusions (17). The cr sn double mutant grows as small, discrete, conidiating colonies suitable for velvet replication. The double mutant cr snresembles the rg cr double mutant phenotypically and has the advantage of fertility in homozygous crosses (796); for example of application, see reference 180.	IR	B
ylo-1	VIL. Between cys-1 (8%) and ad-1 (6%). Probably right of Bml (2%) (1012, PB). (381). Yellow carotenoids (381). Affects synthesis of neurosporaxanthin (4'-apo-beta'-caroten-4'-oic acid); citations in reference 398. Lesion probably involves the conversion of lycopene to 3,4-dehydrolycopene or the conversion of either torulene or gamma-carotene to neurosporaxanthin (398 and references therein) (Fig. 9). Resembles the orange wild type in young cultures, but color differences become clear with age. Expressed in both conidia and mycelia. Undefined modifiers affect intensity. Fails to complement with many of the al-1 and al-2 albino strains (R.E. Subden, personal communication).	VIL	B
trp-2	VIR. Right of del (0 to 13%). Left of un-23 (5 to 27%), T(OY320), and ws-1 (38%) (818, 822, 1019, PB). Uses kynurenine, anthranilic acid, indole, or tryptophan (96). Kynurenine is utilized by conversion to anthranilate (447). Inferred to be the structural gene for the alpha subunit of the anthranilate synthetase complex (546). The gene product catalyzes anthranilate synthesis with ammonia but not with glutamine as the amino donor (29). Specifies anthranitate synthetase (glutamine linked) in collaboration with trp-1 in trifunctional trp-1+-trp-2+ enzyme aggregate (181, 259) (Fig. 11); see trp-1. Nonsense allele used to isolate supersuppressors (954) and to study enzyme complex restored by supersuppressors (183).	VIR	B
chol-2	VIL. Left of nit-6 (6 to 8%) (812, PB). Requires choline (471). Also uses di- but not monomethylaminoethanol (468) (Fig. 12). Deficient in S-adenosylmethionine:phosphatidyl- monomethylethanolamine methyltransferase (222, 923, 924). Strains carrying the only allele, 47904t, are leaky on minimal medium at 22°C but not at 34°C (501). Phospholipid composition is abnormal on limiting choline (501). Growth is colonial on limiting supplement at 34°C and on minimal medium at 25°C.	VIL	B