FGSC #1705

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Reporting Genes: upr-1 cr-1 rg-1;pe fl;met(331)

Species: crassa

Allele: no#;B123 B53;Y8743m L;331

Alternate Strain Number: upr-1

Depositor: RWT

Linkage Group: IL IR IR;IIR IIR;--

Mating Type: A

Species Number: 10

ref1: Tuveson & Morgan 1968 genetics 60:231-232 Abs XT60

Deposit Sheet ↗

Genes

Locus	Cultural Requirements	Link Group	Type
upr-1	IL. Between mt (2%) and arg-1 (7%) (1094). Sensitive to UV (273, 1096), nitrous acid (1094), ionizing radiation (940), and nitrosoguanidine, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, and ICR-170 (509). Insensitive or marginally sensitive to methylmethane sulfonate (536). Unable to excise dimers (1164). Normal spontaneous mutation (275). High UV-induced mutation (273). For mutation induction by other agents, see references 509 and 940. Defective photoreactivation in vivo, but photoreactivation enzyme functions in vitro (1094). No homozygous effect on meiosis or crossing over (1094). Recessive in heterokaryons (979). Double mutant upr-1;uvs-3 is more sensitive than either single mutant (1095). Double mutant upr-1;uvs-2 is no more sensitive than the uvs-2 single mutant (506).	IL	B
met(331)	Auxotrophs designated met require methionine, and some can use its immediate precursors, homocysteine and cystathionine; they cannot use cysteine. (Mutants able to use cysteine as well as methionine are designated cys.) For the methionine biosynthetic pathway, see Fig. 17. For a review, see reference 351. For regulation, see individual loci and reference 965. Formerly called me. Biosynthetic pathways of homoserine, threonine, and methionine, showing sites of gene action (124, 208, 209, 351, 352, 518, 547, 965). For conversion of threonine to isoleucine, see Fig. 15. H4PteGlu, Tetrahydrofolate. It is not clear whether the polyglutamylation step controlled by met-6 occurs only at the stage shown.		B
rg-1	IR. Right of T(AR173); hence, of his-2. Left of lys-4 (1 to 7%) (271, 789, 810).Spreading dense colonial growth with poor conidiation (789). Increased hyphal branching; bumpy mycelial surface. Altered phosphoglucomutase (isozyme I). Accumulates glucose-1-phosphate (117). Cell wall composition (132). Normal levels of NADPH (110) and linolenic acid (115). Photograph (112). The double mutant rg cr grows as small discrete conidiating colonies suitable for velvet replication (634). For examples of applications, see references 932 and 1020. Unlike sn cr, which it resembles phenotypically, the double mutant rg cr is not homozygous fertile. Allele R2357 was formerly called er: erupt (see reference 382). Allele S4357 was formerly called col-7 (see reference 675).	IR	B
pe	IIR. Between nuc-2 (4%) and arg-12 (1 to 5%) (593, 816). (613) Peach-colored conidia and short hyphae formed, more uniformly than by the wild type, as a lawn close to surface of agar. Distinctive morphology (46, 613). Added arginine increases macroconidiation and tends to obscure scoring of peat 25 C, but not at 39°C. pe single mutants produce both macro- and microconidia. pe fl double mutants produce abundant grey microconidia and no macroconidia (46, 700) (see fl). See col-1, col-4, and references 415 and 416 for interactions with other genes. Called m (microconidial) or pem in some contexts.	IIR	B
fl	IIR. Between ace-1 (5 to 11%) and trp-3 (3%) (816, PB). (613)No macroconidia (609). Highly fertile (612). Used routinely as the female parent in tests for chromosome rearrangements and for mating type (e.g., reference 801). The flsingle mutant produces few microconidia when dry; when wetted, sufficient microconidia are produced to have been used in early irradiation and mutation studies (614, 915); large numbers can be obtained under certain conditions; see reference 893. pe fl (46, 700) and fl;dn (806) double mutants produce abundant microconidia; the latter combination is highly fertile when homozygous. Photograph of microconidial formation (774); see also reference 893. Nuclear numbers in microconidia (46, 64, 478). Wall analysis (207). Immunoelectrophoretic pattern (784). Paradoxical high alcoholic glycolysis on nitrate medium (80). Deficiency of isocitrate lyase on acetate medium; see citations in reference 1088. When fl A and fl a strains are inoculated separately on crossing medium in plates, a double line of perithecia forms where they meet, similar to that accompanying barrage in Podospora (410, 414). fl ascospores from certain fl x fl+ crosses often germinate spontaneously (1127; N. B. Raju, personal communication). Allele C-1835 was called acon (717, 812).	IIR	B
cr-1	IR. Right of ace-7 (1 to 3%) and nic-2 (4 to 7%). Left of cys-9 (3%) and un-1(5%) (721, 816). Included in duplications from T(4540), which do not include cr-2 or cr-3(PB). (610) Rapid conidiation close to surface of agar. Produces very short conidiophores, bearing conidia in tight clusters (610, 611). Photographs (533, 634). Recessive. Deficient in adenylate cyclase (1066); has little or no endogenous adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (1065, 779). Abnormal morphology partially corrected by exogenous adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (891, 892, 1065, 1066). Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate also stimulates mycelial elongation (892). Cyclic nucteotide levels differ in mycelia and conidia (891, 892). NAD(P) glycohydrolase is overproduced and excreted; this is normalized by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (533). Induction and localization of p-glucosidase is altered; induction is normalized by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (906). Inability to use glycerol and certain other carbon sources is also overcome by adenosine 3',5'phosphate (598, 1067). Phosphodiesterase inhibitors do not counteract the morphological effect of cr-1 (892). Increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (92). Used to determine what functions are controlled by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (779). Used to study adenosine 3',5'-phosphate binding protein (1082). Strains carrying the various alleles vary in growth habit (B123 strains are flat, restricted; allele L strains are spreading, but morphology may vary on different media). Modifier mutations which alter morphology and the ability of cr-1 to use glycerol occur frequently (383, 905). Crosses homozygous for allele B123 exude intact linear asci (634). Double mutants sn cr and cr rg form small conidiating colonies suitable for replica plating with velvet (182, 634, 796, 932, 1020). The triple mutant sn cr;csp-2 can be overlayered (744; photograph 747). The single mutant (B123) can be replicated by using a needle replicator (634). Scorability and viability are good. Excellent as a marker. Carotenoids formed normally. cr-1 ascospores may require longer to mature than cr+ ascospores. Allele CE4-11-67 called con(716, 717).	IR	B