FGSC #327

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Reporting Genes: (fz;sg;arg-1 cr-1 al1 os-1+ al2 nic-1 lys-3 os-1)

Species: crassa

Allele: (-;-;369 B123 34508 B135) + (15300 1413 4545 E11200)

Alternate Strain Number: FGSC 326, ATCC# 32313

Depositor: SE

Linkage Group: (-;-;IR R R R) + (IR R R R)

Mating Type: A

Species Number: 10

ref1: http://www.fgsc.net/fgn/nn4/4emerson1.pdf

ref2: http://www.fgsc.net/fgn/nn4/4emerson2.pdf

Deposit Sheet ↗

Genes

Locus	Cultural Requirements	Link Group	Type
al-1	IR. Right of hom (<1%), arg-6 (<1 to 4%), T(T54M94), and al-2. Left of lys-3 (9%). (797, 808; D.D. Perkins, unpublished data). (482) Carotenoids abnormal. Strains carrying the various alleles differ widely in phenotype, ranging from white (e.g., 4637) and "aurescent" (pigment in peripheral conidia and conidiophores, 34508) to yellow mycelia and conidia (e.g., ALS4 and RES-25). See, for example, reference 1042. Strains carrying alleles ALS-14, RES-6, 34508, and RES-25 contain large amounts of phytoene (99 to 100% of the total neutral carotenoids), suggesting a lesion that affects phytoene dehydrogenase (398, 1039) (see Fig. 9). Strains carrying allele RWT-ylo accumulate zeta carotene and smaller amounts of neurosporene, suggesting a leaky block of the step between these intermediates (1071). It is not known whether phytoene dehydrogenase catalyzes the whole series of dehydrogenations or whether leakiness of this enzyme accounts for the different mutant phenotypes. For complementation tests, see references 500, 1039, and 1041. Fine-structure mapping (500, 1042). Translocation T(4637), inseparable from al-1, was the first albino mutation and one of the first chromosome rearrangements in Neurospora to be identified and studied (656). Allele 34508 called aur: aurescent.	IR	B
sg	Unmapped. Ascospores germinate without heat shock. Usually associated with a very poor vegetative growth habit. A component of the multiply mutant combination resulting in the cell-wall-less "slime" phenotype. Possibly more complex than a single gene (321). See slime.		B
os-1	IR. Between nic-1 (10 to 29%) and arg-13 (1%) (789, 812, 816). (M.R. Emerson, cited in reference 789) Sensitive to high osmotic pressure. Readily scored by morphology on nonmoist slants or by failure to grow on media with 4% NaCl. Most os-1 alleles result in cultures that form no or few conidia on agar slants. Alleles NM233t and NM204t are heat sensitive (25°C versus 34°C). In media of high osmolarity, os-1 strains form protoplasts (323, 438). os-1 (Bl35) is an essential genotypic component of the wall-less strain slime (321). Protoplasts of strains carrying heatsensitive allele NM233t are stable at 37 C, with a 7.5-h redoubling time, and show good regeneration. The biochemical defect differs from that affected by either polyoxin or sorbose (chitin or glucan syntheses) (970, 971). Cell wall pores are four times larger in an os-1 mutant than in the wild type; os-1 also has a higher exclusion threshold and a 30-fold-higher galactosamine/ glucosamine ratio (1083, 1084). Intralocus complementation (676). Allele Y256M209 called flm-1.	IR	B
nic-1	IR. Right of ace-3 (<1%), lys-1 (1%), and In(OY323). Left of os-1(10 to 29%) (2, 57, 131, 578, 789, 816, 907). (482) Uses nicotinic acid or nicotinamide, but not precursors (97, 100) (Fig. 18). Accumulates quinolinic acid (100). Used to study intralocus recombination (907). Called the q locus.	IR	B
lys-3	IR. Right of al-1 (9%) and al-2 (12 to 15%). Left of In(OY323) and nic-1 (<1%) (2, 907). Not included in duplications from In(OY323) x In(NM176); hence, left of ace-3(57). (288)Uses lysine or epsilon-hydroxynorleucine. Probably blocked in conversion of alpha-aminoadipate to alpha-aminoadipate semialdehyde, based on precursor utilization (400, 1087) (Fig. 16). Complementation between alleles (13). Ascospores are white and inviable in homozygous lys-3 x lys-3 crosses, but some heteroallelic crosses are fertile (13). Inhibited by methionine. Initial allele: 4545.	IR	B
fz	Unmapped.Abnormal morphology; one component of the combination of mutant genes that results in the cell-wall-less "slime" phenotype (321).		B
cr-1	IR. Right of ace-7 (1 to 3%) and nic-2 (4 to 7%). Left of cys-9 (3%) and un-1(5%) (721, 816). Included in duplications from T(4540), which do not include cr-2 or cr-3(PB). (610) Rapid conidiation close to surface of agar. Produces very short conidiophores, bearing conidia in tight clusters (610, 611). Photographs (533, 634). Recessive. Deficient in adenylate cyclase (1066); has little or no endogenous adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (1065, 779). Abnormal morphology partially corrected by exogenous adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (891, 892, 1065, 1066). Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate also stimulates mycelial elongation (892). Cyclic nucteotide levels differ in mycelia and conidia (891, 892). NAD(P) glycohydrolase is overproduced and excreted; this is normalized by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (533). Induction and localization of p-glucosidase is altered; induction is normalized by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (906). Inability to use glycerol and certain other carbon sources is also overcome by adenosine 3',5'phosphate (598, 1067). Phosphodiesterase inhibitors do not counteract the morphological effect of cr-1 (892). Increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (92). Used to determine what functions are controlled by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (779). Used to study adenosine 3',5'-phosphate binding protein (1082). Strains carrying the various alleles vary in growth habit (B123 strains are flat, restricted; allele L strains are spreading, but morphology may vary on different media). Modifier mutations which alter morphology and the ability of cr-1 to use glycerol occur frequently (383, 905). Crosses homozygous for allele B123 exude intact linear asci (634). Double mutants sn cr and cr rg form small conidiating colonies suitable for replica plating with velvet (182, 634, 796, 932, 1020). The triple mutant sn cr;csp-2 can be overlayered (744; photograph 747). The single mutant (B123) can be replicated by using a needle replicator (634). Scorability and viability are good. Excellent as a marker. Carotenoids formed normally. cr-1 ascospores may require longer to mature than cr+ ascospores. Allele CE4-11-67 called con(716, 717).	IR	B
al-2	IR. Right of os-5 (<1%) and T(STL76). Left of arg-6(1%) and al-1 (797, 802, 808, 816, 818). Included in duplications from Tp(T54M94), confirming location left of arg-6(808). (482) Carotenoids absent or abnormal, but steroids produced (398). Blocked in microsomal fraction and defective in phytoene synthetase (445), a particulate enzyme (445 and references cited therein) (Fig. 9). Tracer experiments indicate a lesion between prephytoene pyrophosphate and phytoene (572). Alleles include those resulting in white and pale rose-white, e.g., 15300 and Y254MI65 (1042), and purple, e.g., MN58a (154). For complementation, see references 500 and 1041. Fine-structure mapping (500, 1042) needs reevaluation because of new information on the location of the arg-6 marker (797).	IR	B
arg-1	Uses arginine but not precursors.	IL	B