FGSC #234

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Reporting Genes: al-1 his-1 pk ylo-1

Species: crassa

Allele: 34508;C84;B6;Y30539y

Alternate Strain Number: 320

Depositor: WNS

Linkage Group: IR;VR VR;VIL

Mating Type: a

Species Number: 10

ref1: Strickland Genetics 46:1125-1141 1961 S210, https://www.genetics.org/content/46/9/1125.long

Deposit Sheet ↗

Genes

Locus	Cultural Requirements	Link Group	Type
pk	bis, biscuit) VR. Between met-3 (1%) and T(EB4)^L, cot-2 (8%), cl (2%). Growth on an agar surface is initially colonial and flat. A mass of aerial hyphae is then sent up, which conidiates profusely (1548). Somewhat similar in morphology to sn, cum, sp, and cot-4 at 25ºC, but distinguishable. Hyphae branch dichotomously (1405, 1548). Increased activity of L-glutamine:D-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase was observed in crude extracts of one pk strain, but not in nine others; increased activity for this enzyme also was found in cl and in four other nonallelic morphological mutants (1758). Hexoseaminoglycan consists of a single component on medium without sorbose, in contrast to two components in wild type (1960). Antigenic surface mucopolyoside (532). Cell-wall analysis and photograph, allele B6 (507) and allele C-1810-1 (287). Cell-wall enzymes (633). Effect of carbon source (531). One observation suggested a functional interaction with cl (1965), but substantial crossing-over frequencies and recovery of the double mutant pk cl indicated that the loci are distinct (569). The gene was named for the vegetative mutant phenotype, which is recessive. Several alleles were called bis (1592). The sexual phase is also affected. Asci are thin-walled, bulbous, and nonlinear in homozygous pk ´ pk crosses (1406, 1409, 1550). Spindle orientation is abnormal in the swollen asci, and no apical pore is formed (1625, 1679). Most mutant alleles are recessive for the ascus effect, but some are dominant with variable penetrance. Sorbose-resistant mutants at various loci act as dominance modifiers of the ascus effect of dominant alleles (1757). Sexual-phase-recessive allele C-1610 and dominant allele 17-088 are both associated with reciprocal translocations (1578).		B
ylo-1	VIL. Between cys-1 (8%) and ad-1 (6%). Probably right of Bml (2%) (1012, PB). (381). Yellow carotenoids (381). Affects synthesis of neurosporaxanthin (4'-apo-beta'-caroten-4'-oic acid); citations in reference 398. Lesion probably involves the conversion of lycopene to 3,4-dehydrolycopene or the conversion of either torulene or gamma-carotene to neurosporaxanthin (398 and references therein) (Fig. 9). Resembles the orange wild type in young cultures, but color differences become clear with age. Expressed in both conidia and mycelia. Undefined modifiers affect intensity. Fails to complement with many of the al-1 and al-2 albino strains (R.E. Subden, personal communication).	VIL	B
his-1	VR. Right of ure-1 (1%). Left of pho-2 (3%), al-3, and inl (1 to 10%) (397, 570, 578, 1036). (434)Requires histidine (434). Accumulates imidazole glycerol phosphate. Lacks imidazole glycerol phosphate dehydrase (24, 25) (Fig. 14). Intralocus complementation (162). Recombination between his-1 alleles is controlled by rec-1(172, 520, 1070). Initial his-1 allele called C84.	VR	B
al-1	IR. Right of hom (<1%), arg-6 (<1 to 4%), T(T54M94), and al-2. Left of lys-3 (9%). (797, 808; D.D. Perkins, unpublished data). (482) Carotenoids abnormal. Strains carrying the various alleles differ widely in phenotype, ranging from white (e.g., 4637) and "aurescent" (pigment in peripheral conidia and conidiophores, 34508) to yellow mycelia and conidia (e.g., ALS4 and RES-25). See, for example, reference 1042. Strains carrying alleles ALS-14, RES-6, 34508, and RES-25 contain large amounts of phytoene (99 to 100% of the total neutral carotenoids), suggesting a lesion that affects phytoene dehydrogenase (398, 1039) (see Fig. 9). Strains carrying allele RWT-ylo accumulate zeta carotene and smaller amounts of neurosporene, suggesting a leaky block of the step between these intermediates (1071). It is not known whether phytoene dehydrogenase catalyzes the whole series of dehydrogenations or whether leakiness of this enzyme accounts for the different mutant phenotypes. For complementation tests, see references 500, 1039, and 1041. Fine-structure mapping (500, 1042). Translocation T(4637), inseparable from al-1, was the first albino mutation and one of the first chromosome rearrangements in Neurospora to be identified and studied (656). Allele 34508 called aur: aurescent.	IR	B