FGSC #191

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Reporting Genes: cr-1 cot-1 ylo-1

Species: crassa

Allele: L;C102(t);Y30539y

Alternate Strain Number: 9078

Depositor: DDP

Linkage Group: IR;IVR VIR

Mating Type: A

Species Number: 10

Deposit Sheet ↗

Genes

Locus	Cultural Requirements	Link Group	Type
ylo-1	VIL. Between cys-1 (8%) and ad-1 (6%). Probably right of Bml (2%) (1012, PB). (381). Yellow carotenoids (381). Affects synthesis of neurosporaxanthin (4'-apo-beta'-caroten-4'-oic acid); citations in reference 398. Lesion probably involves the conversion of lycopene to 3,4-dehydrolycopene or the conversion of either torulene or gamma-carotene to neurosporaxanthin (398 and references therein) (Fig. 9). Resembles the orange wild type in young cultures, but color differences become clear with age. Expressed in both conidia and mycelia. Undefined modifiers affect intensity. Fails to complement with many of the al-1 and al-2 albino strains (R.E. Subden, personal communication).	VIL	B
cot-1	IVR. Between pan-1 (2%) and his-4 (1 to 6%) (692, 812, 816). Extremely colonial at 34°C, but completely normal growth, morphology, and fertility at 25°C and below. Linear growth is maximum at 24°C (374). Becomes colonial at 32°C; colonies from ascospores or conidia are viable and continue to grow slowly with dense branching, but do not conidiate. They quickly resume normal growth when shifted to a permissive temperature (692, 1068). Recessive in duplications (808); apparent dominance in heterokaryons (374) may have resulted from a shift in nuclear ratios. Used in studies of septation and branching (202), growth-inhibiting mucopolysaccharide (878, 879), and sulfate transport (641). Cell wall analysis (374). Growth is stimulated by lysine or arginine (0.1 mM) on glucose media at high temperatures (615). Because of high viability and tightly restricted growth at restrictive temperatures and normality at 25°C, cot-1 mutants have valuable technical applications. For example, crosses homozygous for cot-1 have been used in combination with sorbose for experiments with rec genes, where high-density ascospore platings are required for precise quantitative analysis of intralocus recombination (e.g., references 165, 997, and 1070). In another application, when shifted up after initial growth at the permissive low temperature, cot-1hyphae assume a "bottle brush" appearance with small side branches (692). This has been used to select uvs mutants by subsurface survival on UV-irradiated plates containing p-aminobenzoic acid (938; D.E.A. Catcheside, personal communication). cot-1 conidia or ascospores from cot-1 x cot-1crosses are used for replication in a protocol involving transfer by filter paper (615). For suppressors of cot-1, see gul.	IVR	B
cr-1	IR. Right of ace-7 (1 to 3%) and nic-2 (4 to 7%). Left of cys-9 (3%) and un-1(5%) (721, 816). Included in duplications from T(4540), which do not include cr-2 or cr-3(PB). (610) Rapid conidiation close to surface of agar. Produces very short conidiophores, bearing conidia in tight clusters (610, 611). Photographs (533, 634). Recessive. Deficient in adenylate cyclase (1066); has little or no endogenous adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (1065, 779). Abnormal morphology partially corrected by exogenous adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (891, 892, 1065, 1066). Guanosine 3',5'-phosphate also stimulates mycelial elongation (892). Cyclic nucteotide levels differ in mycelia and conidia (891, 892). NAD(P) glycohydrolase is overproduced and excreted; this is normalized by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (533). Induction and localization of p-glucosidase is altered; induction is normalized by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (906). Inability to use glycerol and certain other carbon sources is also overcome by adenosine 3',5'phosphate (598, 1067). Phosphodiesterase inhibitors do not counteract the morphological effect of cr-1 (892). Increased lactate dehydrogenase activity (92). Used to determine what functions are controlled by adenosine 3',5'-phosphate (779). Used to study adenosine 3',5'-phosphate binding protein (1082). Strains carrying the various alleles vary in growth habit (B123 strains are flat, restricted; allele L strains are spreading, but morphology may vary on different media). Modifier mutations which alter morphology and the ability of cr-1 to use glycerol occur frequently (383, 905). Crosses homozygous for allele B123 exude intact linear asci (634). Double mutants sn cr and cr rg form small conidiating colonies suitable for replica plating with velvet (182, 634, 796, 932, 1020). The triple mutant sn cr;csp-2 can be overlayered (744; photograph 747). The single mutant (B123) can be replicated by using a needle replicator (634). Scorability and viability are good. Excellent as a marker. Carotenoids formed normally. cr-1 ascospores may require longer to mature than cr+ ascospores. Allele CE4-11-67 called con(716, 717).	IR	B